Sixteen incremental step tests in long format, one row per stage, to try every part of lactater on
real data: cycling, running, rowing and swimming; elite, trained and untrained athletes; one athlete
tested six times over five years; and the cases that need care (an early lactate dip, no resting
sample, 5-min steps, a submaximal test). Analyze one test with subset(), or several tests of one
sport with .by = test.
Format
A tibble with one row per stage and 13 columns:
- test
the test:
cycling_elite,cycling_female,cycling_early_dip,cycling_series_1tocycling_series_6,running,rowing,cycling_5min_no_rest,swimming,untrained,submaximal,running_recreational.- athlete
the athlete; the six
cycling_seriestests sharecyclist_series.- sport
cycling,running,rowing, orswimming, as inlactate_threshold(sport = ).- sex
MorF.- body_mass
body mass (kg) on the test day,
NAwhen not reported.- day
days since the athlete's first test (0 for single tests).
- description
who was tested, and how.
- source
Trinity College Dublin (CC BY 4.0),Heuberger et al. 2018 (CC BY 4.0), orsimulated.- step
the stage, 0 for the resting sample.
- intensity
power (W) for cycling and rowing, speed (km/h) for running, speed (m/s) for swimming; 0 for the resting sample.
- lactate
blood lactate (mmol/L).
- heart_rate
heart rate (bpm),
NAwhen not recorded.- rpe
rating of perceived exertion (Borg 6-20), simulated tests only;
NAfor the real tests.
Source
Trinity College Dublin graded exercise test data. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10841412 . License CC BY 4.0.
Heuberger JAAC, Gal P, Stuurman FE, de Muinck Keizer WAS, Mejia Miranda Y, Cohen AF. Repeatability and predictive value of lactate threshold concepts in endurance sports. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206846. Data: figshare, doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.7240571 . License CC BY 4.0.
Details
Twelve tests are real: eleven from the Trinity College Dublin graded exercise test data (3-min stages,
lactate sampled at 2 min, YSI analyzer; running on a treadmill at 0% grade; rowing with 1 min of rest
between stages) and one from Heuberger et al. (2018) (5-min steps from 175 W). Names, birth dates and
test dates were removed. Four tests are simulated, where no open data exists: a swimmer's 7 x 200 m
step test (+0.05 m/s per step; Pelarigo et al., 2017), an untrained client tested to exhaustion and
stopped early (25 W steps; untrained men peaked near 250 W in Messonnier et al., 2013), and a recreational runner
on the protocol of Roecker et al. (1998) (treadmill at 2% grade, +2 km/h every 3 min from 6 km/h), so that
their race-time equations apply as published. Their lactate
rises exponentially through about 2.5 mmol/L near the first threshold, with analyzer scatter of 3% from
2 mmol/L and 5% below (Bonaventura et al., 2015). Their simulated RPE rises with lactate, from about 11 at
2 mmol/L to 14 at 4 mmol/L (close to the cohort means at the first rise in lactate and at 4 mmol/L of Scherr et
al., 2013) and 19 to 20 at the last stage. See data-raw/lactate_tests.R.
References
Bonaventura JM, Sharpe K, Knight E, Fuller KL, Tanner RK, Gore CJ. Reliability and accuracy of six hand-held blood lactate analysers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2015;14:203-214.
Messonnier LA, Emhoff CAW, Fattor JA, Horning MA, Carlson TJ, Brooks GA. Lactate kinetics at the lactate threshold in trained and untrained men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2013;114(11):1593-1602.
Pelarigo JG, Machado L, Fernandes RJ, Greco CC, Vilas-Boas JP. Oxygen uptake kinetics and energy system's contribution around maximal lactate steady state swimming intensity. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0167263.
Roecker K, Schotte O, Niess AM, Horstmann T, Dickhuth HH. Predicting competition performance in long-distance running by means of a treadmill test. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1998;30(10):1552-1557.
Scherr J, Wolfarth B, Christle JW, Pressler A, Wagenpfeil S, Halle M. Associations between Borg's rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2013;113(1):147-155.
Examples
unique(lactate_tests[c("test", "sport", "description")])
#> # A tibble: 16 × 3
#> test sport description
#> <chr> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 cycling_elite cycling Elite male cyclist, 6.6 W/kg at peak (3-min st…
#> 2 cycling_female cycling Trained female cyclist, 5.0 W/kg at peak (3-mi…
#> 3 cycling_early_dip cycling Trained male cyclist whose lactate dips after …
#> 4 cycling_series_1 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 1 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 5 cycling_series_2 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 2 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 6 cycling_series_3 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 3 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 7 cycling_series_4 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 4 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 8 cycling_series_5 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 5 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 9 cycling_series_6 cycling Trained male cyclist, test 6 of 6 (3-min stage…
#> 10 running running Trained male runner, treadmill at 0% grade (3-…
#> 11 rowing rowing Trained male rower, 3 min work + 1 min rest pe…
#> 12 cycling_5min_no_rest cycling Well-trained male cyclist, 5-min steps, no res…
#> 13 swimming swimming Simulated elite female swimmer, 7 x 200 m step…
#> 14 untrained cycling Simulated untrained man, fitness client (3-min…
#> 15 submaximal cycling Simulated submaximal test, stopped at about 3 …
#> 16 running_recreational running Simulated recreational male runner, treadmill …
rowing <- subset(lactate_tests, test == "rowing")
lactate_threshold(rowing, intensity, lactate, heart_rate, sport = "rowing", plot = FALSE)
#> # Lactate thresholds: rowing, 3rd degree polynomial, 8 stages + rest
#> # LT1: 203 W (Bsln + 0.5)
#> # LT2: 309 W (Log-Poly-ModDmax)
#> method_category method fitting intensity pace lactate heart_rate
#> <fct> <fct> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Log-log Log-log 3rd degr… 201 120. 1 146
#> 2 OBLA OBLA 2.0 3rd degr… 250 112. 2 163
#> 3 OBLA OBLA 2.5 3rd degr… 266 110. 2.5 169
#> 4 OBLA OBLA 3.0 3rd degr… 279 108. 3 173
#> 5 OBLA OBLA 3.5 3rd degr… 291 106. 3.5 175
#> 6 OBLA OBLA 4.0 3rd degr… 301 105. 4 177
#> 7 Bsln+ Bsln + 0.5 3rd degr… 203 120. 1.1 147
#> 8 Bsln+ Bsln + 1.0 3rd degr… 233 114. 1.6 158
#> 9 Bsln+ Bsln + 1.5 3rd degr… 253 111. 2.1 165
#> 10 Dmax Dmax 3rd degr… 282 108. 3.1 174
#> 11 Dmax ModDmax 3rd degr… 294 106 3.6 176
#> 12 Dmax Exp-Dmax Exponent… 295 106. 3.7 176
#> 13 Dmax Log-Poly-ModDmax 3rd degr… 309 104. 4.4 179
#> 14 Dmax Log-Exp-ModDmax Exponent… 317 103. 4.8 180
#> 15 LTP LTP1 3rd degr… 256 111 1.8 166
#> 16 LTP LTP2 3rd degr… 340 101. 6.1 184
#> 17 LTratio LTratio B-Spline… 166 128. 0.8 129
#> 18 IAT IAT B-Spline… 258 111. 2.3 166